Database
A database is an organized collection of data. It is a collection of information that is organized so that can easily be accessed , managed and updated.
DBMS (Database Management System)
DBMS or Database Management System is a database program, or a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging , retrieving and running the queries on data. It manages the incoming data , organized it and provided ways for data to be modified by the users or the programs. Some examples of DBMS are MYSQL, MS-Access, SQL Server, ORACLE, RDBMS etc.
RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
It has become popular largely due to their simple data model. Each relation is depicted as a table, column and attributes. Its been a common choice for the storage of information in databases used for financial records , manufacturing and logistical information, personnel data and other application.
Advantages of RDBMS
- Duplicate data is minimized.
- Information is accurate and reliable.
- Information can be shared among several users.
- Information retrieval is faster and easier.
Data Backup.
It is countermeasure that allows us to restore data that is damaged . It protects business against many failures such as:
- Hardware Failure.
- Media Failure.
- Accidental file deletion.
- Theft and natural disaster.
- Physical disaster.
There are many ways to create backups of important data and you should use multiple methods to ensure files are always available when needed. Therefore business needs a backup solution that provides maximum ease of use and compatibility across all mediums.
Database Administrator (DBA)
DBA is the role which may include planning , controlling, designing, monitoring , troubleshooting , keeping securing of data. They use specialized software to store and organize the data.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
SQL is a Query language. It is used for defining and manipulating the data which is very powerful. For the complex queries SQL is suitable. Eg: MySQL, Oracle, MS-SQL, etc.
SecUrity is not possible without you. ‘U’
NO SQL
No SQL are primarily called as non-relational NoSQL databases are document based, key-value pairs , graphs databases or wide-columns stories. It has dynamic schema for unstructured data. The queries are focused on collection of documents. It’s database are not good fit for complex queries. It means non SQL where database provides a mechanism for storing and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational database. It represents a new framework of database that allows for high performance of information at massive scale. NoSQL database are unstructured in nature. It is a class of database management system that do not follow all the rules of RDBMS. NoSQL based system are typically used in very large databases which are particularly prone to performance problems caused by the limitation of SQL. Eg. BigTable, Redis, Hbase etc.
Hadoop
Hadoop is an open source distributed processing framework that manages data processing and storage for big data application running in clustered system. It is at the center of growing ecosystem of big data. It is not a type of database but it’s a software ecosystem which allows for parallel computing. It is an enabler of certain types NOSQL which can allow for data be spread across thousands of servers.
Big Data
It is a term that describes the large volume of data that overwhelms a business on day to day basis. Big data challenges the include of capturing of data, storing data , analysis of data , share , search etc. There are many concepts with big data but originally there were three concept , they are volume, variety and velocity. Volume cause huge amount of data, variety number of of data, velocity refers the speed of data processing.
“Without big data analytics, companies are blind and deaf, wandering out onto the web like deer on a freeway.” (Geoffrey Moore, author and consultant)
Google is an expert in Big Data. They developed many tools which is widely used in the big data. With many different big data techniques it is capable of shifting millions of data with in short time.
Data Type
It defines the type of data the field will contain. Access uses the data type to ensure that the right kind of data is entered in a field. The different types of data can be stored in MS-Access like: text, currency, date/time, memo. Auto Number, Yes / No, OLE object, Hyperlink and Look up Wizard.
Field Property
The Field Property are the sets of characteristics that are associated with each field. Each data type has a different set of field properties.
Primary Key
It is a set of special relational database table column designated to uniquely identify all table records.
features:
- It must contain a unique value of each row of data.
- It cannot contain null value.
A primary key is either an existing table column or a column that is specifically generated by the data base according to a defines sequence.
Foreign Key
It is a column or group of columns in a relational database table that provides a link between data in two tables. It acts as a cross reference between tables because it references the primary key of another table, there by establishing a link between them.
Referential Integrity
It is a concept for ensuring that relationships between database tables remain consistent. In other words, references to data must be valid. A relationship between two database tables called referenced table and a referencing table is created using a foreign key.
Queries
It is the primary mechanism for retrieving information from a database and consist of questions presented to the database in a predefined format. It is used to view data in different ways to analyze data and even to change existing data.
Sorting
It is the organization of database that helps us find specific information quickly. In access we can sort data in ascending or descending order.
Filterating
It is a restriction we place on records in the open data sheet or form to quickly and display a subset of records.